Self-harm is a painful and often misunderstood behavior, especially when it appears in individuals with autism. While it may look alarming from the outside, new research from UC Davis Health is working to uncover the neurological and behavioral roots behind this challenging symptom — and bring hope to families and clinicians.

In their ongoing study, UC Davis researchers are focusing on understanding why self-injurious behaviors develop in autistic individuals. These acts — such as head-banging or self-biting — can be severe and are often resistant to traditional behavioral interventions. But the team at the MIND Institute believes the answers may lie in the brain’s processing systems.

By using neuroimaging and behavioral testing, the researchers aim to uncover patterns linked to sensory overload, communication difficulties, or emotional dysregulation. The hope is that identifying these triggers can lead to personalized interventions tailored to each child’s specific neurological profile — moving beyond one-size-fits-all behavior plans.

Crucially, the study also centers the voices of families, acknowledging that caregivers often have the deepest insights into what their child is experiencing. This collaborative approach not only advances science but also builds a more compassionate and informed care model.

For many families, the struggle with self-harm feels isolating and overwhelming. But this research is a step toward greater understanding, less stigma, and more effective support.